Kings of Babylon

First Dynasty of Babylon

This uses the traditional Middle Chronology, although there is now reason to believe it may be too early by as much as a century.

  • Sumu-abum 1894-1881 BC
  • Sumu-la-El 1880-1845 BC
  • Sabium 1844-1831 BC
  • Apil-Sîn 1830-1813 BC
  • Sin-muballit 1812-1793 BC
  • Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC
  • Samsu-Iluna 1749-1712 BC
  • Abi-Eshuh 1711-1684 BC
  • Ammi-Ditana 1683-1647 BC
  • Ammi-Saduqa 1646-1626 BC
  • Samsu-Ditana 1625-1595 BC
Babylonian kings

 

Early Kassite Monarchs

These rulers did not rule Babylon itself, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.

  • Gandash fl. c.1730 BC
  • Agum I
  • Kashtiliash I
  • Ushshi
  • Abirattash
  • Kashtiliash II
  • Urzigurumash
  • Harbashihu
  • Tiptakzi

Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)

This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but rather the Sumerian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.

  • Iluma-ilum fl. c.1732 BC
  • Itti-ili-nibi
  • Damiq-ilishu
  • Ishkibal
  • Shushushi
  • Gulkishar
  • Peshgaldaramash
  • Adarakalamma
  • Ekurduanna
  • Melamkurkukka
  • [1 unnamed king between Gulkishar and Ea-gamil(?)]
  • Ea-gamil fl. c. 1460 BC

Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)

The chronology followed here is the higher chronology found in Von Beckerath's Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Another commonly used chronology generally gives dates of approximately 10 to 20 years earlier for each monarch, but this does not synchronize so well with the most commonly used chronology for the Egyptian New Kingdom.

  • Agum II fl. c.1570 BC
  • Burna-Buriaš I
  • Kaštiliaš III
  • Ulam-Buriaš
  • Agum III
  • Kadašman-harbe I
  • Karaindaš
  • Kurigalzu I d.1377 BC
  • Kadašman-Enlil I 1377-1361 BC
  • Burna-Buriaš II 1361-1333 BC
  • Karahardaš 1333-1331 BC
  • Nazibugaš 1331 BC
  • Kurigalzu II 1331-1306 BC
  • Nazimaruttaš 1306-1280 BC
  • Kadašman-Turgu 1280-1262 BC
  • Kadašman-Enlil II 1262-1254 BC
  • Kudur-Enlil 1254-1245 BC
  • Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245-1232 BC
  • Kaštiliaš IV 1232-1224 BC
  • Enlil-nadin-šumi 1224-1221
  • Adad-šuma-iddina 1221-1215
  • Adad-šuma-usur 1215-1185 BC
  • Melišipak 1185-1170 BCE
  • Marduk-apal-iddina I 1170-1157 BC
  • Zababa-šuma-iddina 1157-1156 BC
  • Enlil-nadin-ahhe 1156-1153 BC

Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin

  • Marduk-kabit-ahhešu 1155-1146 BCE
  • Itti-Marduk-balatu 1146-1132 BCE
  • Ninurta-nadin-šumi 1132-1126 BCE
  • Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) 1126-1103 BCE
  • Enlil-nadin-apli 1103-1100 BCE
  • Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1100-1082 BCE
  • Marduk-šapik-zeri 1082-1069 BCE
  • Adad-apla-iddina 1069-1046 BCE
  • Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BCE
  • Marduk-zer-X 1046-1033 BCE
  • Nabu-šum-libur 1033-1025 BCE

Dynasty V of Babylon

  • Simbar-šipak 1025-1008 BCE
  • Ea-mukin-šumi 1008 BCE
  • Kaššu-nadin 1008-1004 BCE

Dynasty VI of Babylon

  • Eulma-šakin-šumi 1004-987 BCE
  • Ninurta-kudurri-usur 987-985 BCE
  • Širiqti-šuqamunu 985 BCE

Dynasty VII of Babylon

  • Mar-biti-apla-usur 985-979 BCE

Dynasty VIII of Babylon

  • Nabu-mukin-apli 979-943 BCE

Dynasty IX of Babylon

  • Ninurta-kudurri-usur 943 BCE
  • Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 943-c.920 BCE
  • Šamaš-mudammiq c.920-900 BCE
  • Nabu-šuma-ukin 900-888 BCE
  • Nabu-apla-iddina 888-855 BCE
  • Marduk-zakir-šumi I 855-819 BCE
  • Marduk-balassu-iqbi 819-813 BCE
  • Baba-aha-iddina 813-811 BCE
  • 5 kings 811-c.800 BCE
  • Ninurta-apla-X c.800-c.790 BCE
  • Marduk-bel-zeri c.790-c.780 BCE
  • Marduk-apla-usur c.780-769 BCE
  • Eriba-Marduk 769-761 BCE
  • Nabu-šuma-iškun 761-748 BCE

Dynasty IX of Babylon

From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources.

  • Nabonassar (Nabu-nasir) 748-734 BCE
  • Nabu-nadin-zeri 734-732 BCE
  • Nabu-šuma-ukin II 732 BCE

Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrians and Chaldeans)

  • Nabu-mukin-zeri, 732-729 BCE
  • Tiglath-Pileser III 729-727 BCE
  • Shalmaneser V 727-722 BCE
  • Marduk-apal-iddina II (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan), 722-710 BCE
  • Šarrukin (Sargon) II of Assyria, 710-705 BCE
  • Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 705-703 BCE
  • Marduk-zakir-šumi II, 703 BCE
  • Marduk-apal-iddina II, 703 BCE (restored)
  • Bel-ibni, 703-700 BCE
  • Aššur-nadin-šumi (son of Sennacherib of Assyria), 700-694 BCE
  • Nergal-ušezib, 694-693 BCE
  • Mušezib-Marduk, 693-689 BCE

Assyrian Sack of Babylon, 689 BCE; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon of Assyria in the 670s BCE

  • Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 689-681 BCE
  • Aššur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon) of Assyria, 681-669 BCE
  • Šamaš-šum-ukin (son of Esarhaddon), 668-648 BCE
  • Kandalanu 648-627 BCE
  • Sin-shumu-lishir 626 BC Only parts, included the city Babylon.
  • Sinsharishkun ca. 627 BC - 620 Lost control over Babylonia fast.

Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean)

  • Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar) 626 - 605 BCE
  • Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadrezzar) II 605 - 562 BCE
  • Amel-Marduk 562 - 560 BCE
  • Nergal-šar-usur (Nergal-sharezer) 560 - 556 BCE
  • Labaši-Marduk 556 BCE
  • Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus) 556 - 539 BCE
  • Kambyses 538 - 522 BCE

In 539 BCE, Babylon was captured by Cyrus the Great of Persia, and lost its independence. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia